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2011年1月20日 星期四

羽球競賽規則要點

  常常有人針對羽球競賽規則的違例部份有所爭議, 在此引用2008年北京奧運官網資料, 供大家參考.
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  挑 邊

  賽前,採用挑邊的方法(抛硬幣)來決定發球方和場區。挑邊贏者將優先選擇是發球或接發球,還是在一個半場區或另一個半場區比賽。輸者在餘下的一項中選擇。

  計分方法

  羽毛球世界聯合會於2006年5月在日本東京舉行的年度代表大會上,正式決定實行二十一分的新賽制。2006年5月在日本東京舉行的湯姆斯杯和 尤伯杯賽上率先試行三局二十一分的賽制。這一賽制將成爲今後所有羽毛球國際大賽的通用賽制,第29屆奧運會也將採用這一賽制。二十一分的賽制對於提高運動 員的積極性、減少運動員受傷以及電視轉播等方面較十五分制有更大的優勢。

  世界羽聯21分制實行每球得分制,所有單項的每局獲勝分皆爲21分,最高不超過30分。每場比賽採取三局兩勝制,先到21分的一方贏得當局比 賽。如果雙方比分爲20比20時,獲勝一方需超過對手2分才算取勝;直至雙方比分打成29比29時,那麽先到第30分的一方獲勝。首局獲勝一方在接下來的 一局比賽中先發球。

  站位方式

  單打:當發球員得分數爲0或偶數時,雙方運動員均在各自的右發球區發球或接發球;當發球方的分數爲奇數時,雙方運動員均在各自的左發球區發球或接發球。

  雙打:比賽中,當比分爲0或偶數時,球由右發球區對角發向對方場地的右接發球區;當比分爲奇數時,球由左發球區對角發向對方場地的左接發球區。 比賽中,只有當一方連續得分時,發球員必須在右或左發球區交替發球,而接發球方隊員的位置不變。其他情況下,選手應站在上一回合的各自發球區不變,以此保證發球員的交替。

  雙打比賽無論是在開始還是在賽中,皆爲單發球權,也就是說每次一方只有一次發球權。發球方失誤不僅丟失發球權也將丟失1分,如果這時得發球權的一方得分爲奇數時,則必須是位於左發球區的選手發球,如果此時得發球權的一方得分爲偶數時,則必須是位於右發球區的選手發球。

  雙打比賽只有接發球隊員才能接發球,若其同伴接發球或被球觸及則“違例”,判發球方得分,當發球被回擊後,球可由二人中任一人擊回,不得連擊, 如此往返直至死球。 雙打比賽發球時,發球隊員和接發球隊員必須站在規定的發球區和接發球區內發球和接發球,他們的同伴站位可以不受限制,但不得妨礙對方。運動員發球和接發球 順序有誤,已得比分有效,糾正方位或順序。

  賽中間歇方式

  每場比賽均採用三局兩勝制。當任一方在比賽中得到11分後,比賽將間歇1分鐘;兩局比賽之間的間歇時間爲2分鐘。

  比賽中常見的違例

  過手違例——發球時,在擊球的瞬間,發球員的拍杆應指向下方。否則,將判違例。

  過腰違例——發球時,在擊球的瞬間,整個球應低於發球員的腰部。否則,將判違例。

  揮拍有停頓——發球開始後,揮拍動作不連貫,將判違例。

  腳移動、觸線或不在發球區內——自發球開始至發球結束,發球員或接發球員的兩腳都必須有一部分與球場地面接觸,不得移動,且都必須站在斜對面的發球區內,腳不得觸及發球區或接發球區的界線。否則,將判違例。

  最初擊球點不在球托上或發球時未能擊中球,將判違例。最初擊球點不在球托上是指發球時,球拍先觸及羽毛或同時擊中羽毛和球托。

  發球時,球沒有落在規定的接發球區內,將判違例。如:發出的球沒有落於對角的場區內或不過網,或掛在網上、停在網頂等。 球從網下或網孔穿過或觸及天花板或觸及運動員的身體或衣服,將判違例。

  球觸及球場或其他物體或人,將判違例。 擊球點超過網的向上延伸面,即在對方場區上空擊球,將判違例。

  運動員的球拍從網上、網下侵入對方場區導致妨礙對方或分散對方注意力或妨礙對方、阻擋對方靠近球網的合法擊球,將判違例。

  同一運動員連續兩次揮拍擊中球,或雙打的同方兩名隊員連續各擊中球一次,將判違例。

  球停在球拍上,緊接著被拖帶抛出,將判違例。

  運動員嚴重違反或屢次違反比賽的連續性的規定或運動員行爲不端,將判違例。如:擅自離開比賽場地喝水、擦汗、換球拍、接受場外指導等,或故意改變球形或破壞羽毛球或舉止無禮等。

  重發球

  重發球時,原回合無效,由原發球員重新發球。

  除發球外,球過網後,挂在網上或停在網頂,判重發球。

  發球時,發球員和接發球員同時被判違例,將重發球。

  發球員在接發球員未做好準備時,將球發出,判重發球。

  球在飛行時,球托與球的其他部分完全分離,判重發球。

  裁判員對該回合不能做出判決時,將判重發球。

  出現意外情況,判重發球。

  交換場區

  第一局比賽結束時,雙方應交換場地。

  若局數爲1∶1時,在第三局比賽開始前,雙方應交換場地。

  在第三局比賽中,領先一方比分達到11分時,雙方應交換場地。

  若應交換場地而未交換時,一旦發現應立即交換,已得分數有效。(來源:北京體育大學出版社)

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