杜秋娘與金縷衣 詩
《金縷衣》這首詩是附在晚唐詩人杜牧經過金陵(現南京)時, 見到歷經風霜(四朝更替), 年老色弛的杜秋娘, 所做的《杜秋娘詩》的註裡, 「勸君莫惜金縷衣,勸君惜取少年時。花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝。李錡常唱此辭。」
杜秋娘年輕時為權臣李錡的侍妾, 後李錡造反失敗, 被納入宮中, 被唐憲宗寵幸, 憲宗死後, 被繼任的穆宗任命為皇子李湊的傅姆(女教師), 後來漳王李湊被廢, 杜秋娘賜歸返嫏, 「但歸來四鄰改, 茂苑草菲菲, 清血灑不盡, 仰天知問誰, 寒衣一疋素, 夜借鄰人機,
我昨金陵過,聞之爲歔欷」
雖然清代的《唐詩三百首》將這首詩的作者歸為杜秋娘, 唯一的根據也就是《杜秋娘詩》的前八句「京江水清滑,生女白如脂。其間杜秋者,不勞朱粉施。老濞即山鑄,後庭千雙眉。秋持玉斝醉,與唱金縷衣。」
如果根據杜牧這首詩及註來說, 《金縷衣》的作者應該不是杜秋娘, 因為她年輕時的主人權臣李錡常唱此辭, 杜秋娘也常常唱這首詩給李錡聽, 所以作者正確的說法應該為無名氏。雖然後來有《金縷曲》的詞牌, 最早收錄此詞牌的書是宋代蘇軾的《東坡樂府》。
「勸君莫惜金縷衣,勸君惜取少年時。花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝。」
在1968年在河北保定發現西漢劉勝的中山靖王墓之前, 一般對《金縷衣》詩中所指的金縷衣都認為是有金色絲線繡製的華貴衣服, 比喻繁華富貴, 但是在中山靖王墓挖掘出, 以"金絲線"固定角落有孔的大小玉片而成的壽衣包裹著劉勝及其妻竇氏的遺體, 因為當時的人相信穿著這種"金縷玉衣"壽衣將使屍體不朽。
固定玉片的絲線是真金的"金縷", 而不只是金色的絲線, 劉勝的金縷玉衣, 王片多達 2,498片, 金絲約 1,100克。(http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/16/4/15/n7556411.htm)
這樣的考古發現讓"中國文學界"對詩中「金縷衣」究竟為何有了新見解, 台灣國家文學博士黃永武先生認為「金縷衣」很有可能是指就是這種死後榮貴至極的金縷玉衣, 由此來與「少年時」對比。
請詳見 http://www.booksloverhk.com/poetrecent51_wongwm_poem_dis.htm
這個看法後來也形成一部份的主流看法, 但是黃永武老師也說「作一般華麗的衣服解當然是比較穩當的」, 所以一般的教科書還是採取這種穩當的說法。
這裡也有一篇反駁"金縷玉衣"就是金縷衣的文章.... http://dajia.qq.com/blog/213865056659190.html
有時候文學上的疑問在千年之後, 仍難有正確解答, 但經過討論分析這個問題, 也讓我們重新思考問題不也是一件樂事嗎?!
以麥經理的運動趣味為主, 讀書心得及嗜好收藏為輔.... 建議瀏覽視窗寬度 1024 pixel
2017年9月24日 星期日
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